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B-scan ultrasound in ophthalmology is primarily conducted using a high-frequency ultrasound probe. This type of probe is essential because it provides the resolution necessary to visualize the intricate structures of the eye, such as the retina, vitreous, and sclera, with a high level of detail.

High-frequency probes, usually operating in the range of 10 to 20 MHz, allow for better differentiation of various tissues and pathologies due to their ability to produce finer images. The increased frequency results in improved axial resolution, meaning that small objects or differences in tissue can be more easily identified. This characteristic is particularly important in ocular imaging, where accurate diagnosis and assessment of conditions like retinal detachments, tumors, or malformations are crucial.

In contrast, low-frequency probes, while capable of penetrating deeper tissues, sacrifice resolution for depth of penetration, making them less suitable for detailed imaging of the eye's internal structures. Other options listed, such as a transesophageal probe, are used for entirely different applications, typically involving imaging of the heart and esophagus, rather than ocular assessments. An external probe might imply usage in superficial examinations, but it wouldn't provide the focused, high-resolution images required for B-scan ultrasound.

Thus, the choice of a high-frequency ultrasound